Soy-isoflavone-enriched foods and markers of lipid and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women: Interactions with genotype and equol production

Wendy L. Hall, Katerina Vafeiadou, Jesper Hallund, Susanne Bugel, Manja Reimann, Corinna Koebnick, H. J.Franz Zunft, Marika Ferrari, Francesco Branca, Tony Dadd, Duncan Talbot, Jonathan Powell, Anne Marie Minihane, Aedin Cassidy, Maria Nilsson, Karin Dahlman-Wright, Jan Åke Gustafsson, Christine M. Williams

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    133 Scopus citations

    Abstract

    Background: The hypocholesterolemic effects of soy foods are well established, and it has been suggested that isoflavones are responsible for this effect. However, beneficial effects of isolated isoflavones on lipid biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk have not yet been shown. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of isolated soy isoflavones on metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, including plasma total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol; triacylglycerols; lipoprotein(a); the percentage of small dense LDL; glucose; nonesterified fatty acids; insulin; and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Differences with respect to single nucleotide polymorphisms in selected genes [ie, estrogen receptor α (XbaI and PvuII), estrogen receptor β (AluI), and estrogen receptor β(cx) (Tsp509I), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Glu298Asp), apolipoprotein E (Apo E2, E3, and E4), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (TaqIB), and leptin receptor (Gln223Arg)] and with respect to equol production were investigated. Design: Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 117) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover dietary intervention trial. Isoflavone-enriched (genistein-to-daidzein ratio of 2:1; 50 mg/d) or placebo cereal bars were consumed for 8 wk, with a wash-out period of 8 wk before the crossover. Results: Isoflavones did not have a significant beneficial effect on plasma concentrations of lipids, glucose, or insulin. A significant difference between the responses of HDL cholesterol to isoflavones and to placebo was found with estrogen receptor β(cx) Tsp509I genotype AA, but not GG or GA. Conclusions: Isoflavone supplementation, when provided in the form and dose used in this study, had no effect on lipid or other metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women but may increase HDL cholesterol in an estrogen receptor β gene-polymorphic subgroup.

    Original languageEnglish (US)
    Pages (from-to)592-600
    Number of pages9
    JournalAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    Volume83
    Issue number3
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Mar 1 2006

    Keywords

    • Cardiovascular disease
    • Cholesterol
    • Estrogen receptor
    • Gene-nutrient interaction
    • Glucose
    • Insulin
    • Isoflavones
    • Plasma lipids
    • Postmenopausal women
    • Soy
    • Triacylglycerols

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Medicine (miscellaneous)
    • Food Science

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