TY - JOUR
T1 - The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019
T2 - a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
AU - GBD 2019 Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Collaborators
AU - Alvarez, Elysia M.
AU - Force, Lisa M.
AU - Xu, Rixing
AU - Compton, Kelly
AU - Lu, Dan
AU - Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline
AU - Kocarnik, Jonathan M.
AU - Harvey, James D.
AU - Pennini, Alyssa
AU - Dean, Frances E.
AU - Fu, Weijia
AU - Vargas, Martina T.
AU - Keegan, Theresa H.M.
AU - Ariffin, Hany
AU - Barr, Ronald D.
AU - Erdomaeva, Yana Arturovna
AU - Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva
AU - John-Akinola, Yetunde O.
AU - Ketterl, Tyler G.
AU - Kutluk, Tezer
AU - Malogolowkin, Marcio Henrique
AU - Mathur, Prashant
AU - Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman
AU - Ries, Lynn Ann Gloeckler
AU - Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos
AU - Sagoyan, Garik Barisovich
AU - Sultan, Iyad
AU - Abbasi, Behzad
AU - Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
AU - Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab
AU - Abbastabar, Hedayat
AU - Abdelmasseh, Michael
AU - Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
AU - Abdoli, Amir
AU - Abebe, Haimanot
AU - Abedi, Aidin
AU - Abidi, Hassan
AU - Abolhassani, Hassan
AU - Ali, Hiwa Abubaker
AU - Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
AU - Achappa, Basavaprabhu
AU - Acuna, Juan Manuel
AU - Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
AU - Adegboye, Oyelola A.
AU - Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
AU - Advani, Shailesh M.
AU - Afzal, Muhammad Sohail
AU - Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie
AU - Ahadinezhad, Bahman
AU - Alahdab, Fares
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.
AB - Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Cause of Death
KW - Disability-Adjusted Life Years
KW - Female
KW - Global Burden of Disease
KW - Global Health
KW - Humans
KW - Incidence
KW - Life Expectancy
KW - Male
KW - Mortality
KW - Neoplasms/epidemiology
KW - Prevalence
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Socioeconomic Factors
KW - Young Adult
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U2 - 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7
DO - 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 34871551
AN - SCOPUS:85122091989
SN - 1470-2045
VL - 23
SP - 27
EP - 52
JO - The Lancet Oncology
JF - The Lancet Oncology
IS - 1
ER -