@article{0f31a490089542d69982fabf0ec624a8,
title = "A poor perspective of self weight significantly increases adverse outcomes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)",
abstract = "Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent amongst overweight and obese individuals, and weight loss remains the main mode of treatment for NAFLD patients. Weight perception plays a key role in the efficacy of such treatment. The current study aims to investigate the prevalence, associating factors and implications of poor weight perception amongst such individuals. Methods: An analysis was done on data collected from NHANES between 1999 and 2018. Comparison was made between NAFLD individuals with and without poor weight perception in terms of prevalence, associated characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis was used to compare effect size of adverse events associated with NAFLD individuals with poor weight perception. Results: Of the 12,170 NAFLD patients, 19.2% (CI: 18.5 to 19.9%) had poor weight perception. Poor weight perception was significantly associated with lower education levels, reduced levels of exercise and unhealthier lipid profiles. There was an increased risk in all-cause mortality (HR: 1.18, CI: 1.00 to 1.38, p = 0.047), cardiovascular disease mortality (SHR: 1.33, CI: 1.03 to 1.71, p = 0.026), major adverse cardiovascular events (OR: 1.21 CI: 1.10 to 1.32, p < 0.001), and advanced fibrosis (OR: 1.30, CI: 1.03 to 1.64, p = 0.025) for individuals with poor weight perception. Conclusion: This study highlights the positive association between appropriate weight perception and better outcomes in individuals with NAFLD. Poor weight perception increased the risk of adverse events and decreased inclination toward seeking weight loss treatment. Greater emphasis should be placed on dealing with weight perception in individuals with NAFLD for better treatment outcomes.",
keywords = "NAFLD, NAFLD outcomes, mortality, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, weight perception",
author = "Fu, {Clarissa Elysia} and Ng, {Cheng Han} and Chew, {Nicholas W.S.} and Heng, {Zane En Qi} and Chin, {Yip Han} and Jingxuan Quek and Lim, {Wen Hui} and Jieling Xiao and Chan, {Kai En} and Tan, {Darren Jun Hao} and Caitlyn Tan and Sitong Zhang and Koh, {Teng Kiat} and Benjamin Nah and Dan, {Yock Young} and Nicholas Syn and Siddiqui, {Mohammad Shadab} and Sanyal, {Arun J.} and Mazen Noureddin and Mark Muthiah",
note = "Funding Information: AS is President of Sanyal Biotechnology and has stock options in Genfit, Akarna, Tiziana, Indalo, Durect and Galmed. He has served as a consultant to Astra Zeneca, Nitto Denko, Enyo, Ardelyx, Conatus, Nimbus, Amarin, Salix, Tobira, Takeda, Jannsen, Gilead, Terns, Birdrock, Merck, Valeant, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly, Hemoshear, Zafgen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Exhalenz, and Genfit. He has been an unpaid consultant to Intercept, Echosens, Immuron, Galectin, Fractyl, Syntlogic, Affimune, Chemomab, Zydus, Nordic Bioscience, Albireo, Prosciento, Surrozen, and Bristol Myers Squibb. His institution has received grant support from Gilead, Salix, Tobira, Bristol Myers, Shire, Intercept, Merck, Astra Zeneca, Malinckrodt, Cumberland, and Norvatis. He receives royalties from Elsevier and UptoDate. MN has been on the advisory board/consultant for 89BIO, Altimmune, Gilead, cohBar, Cytodyn, Intercept, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Blade, EchoSens, Fractyl, Madrgial, NorthSea, Prespecturm, Terns, Siemens and Roche diagnostic; MN has received research support from Allergan, BMS, Gilead, Galmed, Galectin, Genfit, Conatus, Enanta, Madrigal, Novartis, Pfizer, Shire, Viking, and Zydus. He is a shareholder or has stocks in Anaetos, Chrownwell, Ciema, Rivus Pharma, and Viking. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Fu, Ng, Chew, Heng, Chin, Quek, Lim, Xiao, Chan, Tan, Tan, Zhang, Koh, Nah, Dan, Syn, Siddiqui, Sanyal, Noureddin and Muthiah.",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
day = "28",
doi = "10.3389/fmed.2022.977552",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Frontiers in Medicine",
issn = "2296-858X",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}