Androgens and Hepatic Adenomas: A Review from a Urological Perspective

In the 21st century, there has been a significant increase in the use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for men with symptoms of hypogonadism and a desire for more energy, muscle mass, etc. The TRT guidelines as defined by the American Urological Association have made all urologists familiar with the associated risks of polycythemia or infertility. However, there is a longer history and more persistent use of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) in men who are body building and trying to improve muscle mass. The goal of this mini review is to share and educate physicians on the additional risks of hepatic masses with the use of AAS and their pathophysiology.