Association between duration or etiology of gastroparesis and clinical response after gastric per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy

Background and Aims: Gastric per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (GPOEM) is a novel procedure with promising potential for the treatment of gastroparesis but with limited data regarding predictors of clinical response. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the procedure and explore the impact of duration and etiology (diabetic vs nondiabetic) of gastroparesis on clinical outcome as measured by the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI). Methods: A single-center retrospective longitudinal study at a tertiary care hospital was performed over an 18-month period. Forty patients with refractory gastroparesis (25 nondiabetic and 15 diabetic patients) were included. Results: GCSI significantly improved throughout the study period (F[2.176, 17.405] = 10.152, P =.001). The nausea/vomiting subscale showed sustained improvement through 18 months (F[2.213, 17.704] = 15.863, P <.00001). There was no significant improvement in bloating (F[2.099, 16.791] = 1.576, P =.236). Gastric scintigraphy retention was significantly reduced by 41.7% (t = –7.90; P <.00001). Multivariate linear regression modeling revealed a significant correlation between the duration of disease and a GCSI improvement at 12 months (P =.02), with a longer duration of disease associated with a poorer long-term response. The etiology of gastroparesis was not associated with clinical improvement (P =.16). Adverse events (7.5%) included 1 capnoperitoneum, 1 periprocedure chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, and 1 mucosotomy closure site disruption. Conclusions: GPOEM appears to be a safe and effective minimally invasive therapy for refractory gastroparesis, especially for patients with predominant nausea/vomiting and shorter duration of disease, regardless of the etiology. We propose the clinical criteria for undergoing GPOEM should be a GCSI of at least 2.0 and a gastric retention of greater than 20%.