TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of Coronary Artery Calcium Density and Volume With Predicted Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Asians
T2 - The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study
AU - Al Rifai, Mahmoud
AU - Kanaya, Alka M.
AU - Kandula, Namratha R.
AU - Patel, Jaideep
AU - Al-Mallah, Mouaz H.
AU - Budoff, Matthew
AU - Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel
AU - Criqui, Michael H.
AU - Virani, Salim S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: MASALA: This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant no. 1 R01 HL093009 . Data collection at UCSF was also supported by NIH/NCRR UCSF-CTSI Grant Number UL1 RR024131 . Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Individuals of South Asian (SA) ancestry are predisposed to a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Coronary artery calcium (CAC) volume and density can identify coronary plaque characteristics unique to SA that may provide important prognostic information to identify high risk individuals beyond traditional CAC scores. We used data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA). CAC density and volume were assessed according to established protocols. ASCVD risk was estimated using the pooled cohort equations (PCE). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to study the association between the PCE and advanced CAC measures, and between cardiovascular risk factors and CAC density and volume. Our analyses included 1,155 participants (mean age 57 (SD 9) years, 52% men) with information on advanced CAC measures. After multivariable-adjustment, the PCE was associated with both CAC density (β 0.24, 95% CI 0.12,0.35) and CAC volume (β 0.43, 95% CI 0.38,0.48). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was directly associated with CAC density while waist circumference was inversely associated with it. Body mass index, hypertension status, statin use, diabetes, and HOMA-IR were all directly associated with CAC volume. Estimated ASCVD risk was associated with both CAC volume and density. Different cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with CAC density and volume. Future longitudinal studies are required to demonstrate the interrelationship of advanced CAC measures and cardiovascular risk factors with incident ASCVD outcomes.
AB - Individuals of South Asian (SA) ancestry are predisposed to a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Coronary artery calcium (CAC) volume and density can identify coronary plaque characteristics unique to SA that may provide important prognostic information to identify high risk individuals beyond traditional CAC scores. We used data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA). CAC density and volume were assessed according to established protocols. ASCVD risk was estimated using the pooled cohort equations (PCE). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to study the association between the PCE and advanced CAC measures, and between cardiovascular risk factors and CAC density and volume. Our analyses included 1,155 participants (mean age 57 (SD 9) years, 52% men) with information on advanced CAC measures. After multivariable-adjustment, the PCE was associated with both CAC density (β 0.24, 95% CI 0.12,0.35) and CAC volume (β 0.43, 95% CI 0.38,0.48). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was directly associated with CAC density while waist circumference was inversely associated with it. Body mass index, hypertension status, statin use, diabetes, and HOMA-IR were all directly associated with CAC volume. Estimated ASCVD risk was associated with both CAC volume and density. Different cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with CAC density and volume. Future longitudinal studies are required to demonstrate the interrelationship of advanced CAC measures and cardiovascular risk factors with incident ASCVD outcomes.
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Atherosclerosis/epidemiology
KW - Calcium
KW - Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
KW - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW - Coronary Artery Disease
KW - Risk Assessment
KW - Risk Factors
KW - South Asian People
KW - Aged
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101105
DO - 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101105
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34999157
AN - SCOPUS:85124401087
SN - 0146-2806
VL - 48
SP - 101105
JO - Current Problems in Cardiology
JF - Current Problems in Cardiology
IS - 4
M1 - 101105
ER -