TY - JOUR
T1 - Distribution of Coronary Artery Calcium by Age, Sex, and Race Among Patients 30-45 Years Old
AU - Javaid, Aamir
AU - Dardari, Zeina A.
AU - Mitchell, Joshua D.
AU - Whelton, Seamus P.
AU - Dzaye, Omar
AU - Lima, Joao A.C.
AU - Lloyd-Jones, Donald M.
AU - Budoff, Matthew
AU - Nasir, Khurram
AU - Berman, Daniel S.
AU - Rumberger, John
AU - Miedema, Michael D.
AU - Villines, Todd C.
AU - Blaha, Michael J.
N1 - Funding Information:
CARDIA is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (HHSN268201800005I and HHSN268201800007I), Northwestern University (HHSN268201800003I), University of Minnesota (HHSN268201800006I), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (HHSN268201800004I). The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium was supported by grant L30 HL110027. The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
Funding Information:
This paper has been reviewed by CARDIA for scientific content. The online calculator was created by Rehan Javaid, University of Virginia School of Engineering Class of 2023.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American College of Cardiology Foundation
PY - 2022/5/17
Y1 - 2022/5/17
N2 - BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a measure of atherosclerotic burden and is well-validated for risk stratification in middle- to older-aged adults. Few studies have investigated CAC in younger adults, and there is no calculator for determining age-, sex-, and race-based percentiles among individuals aged <45 years.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the probability of CAC >0 and develop age-sex-race percentiles for U.S. adults aged 30-45 years.METHODS: We harmonized 3 datasets-CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults), the CAC Consortium, and the Walter Reed Cohort-to study CAC in 19,725 asymptomatic Black and White individuals aged 30-45 years without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. After weighting each cohort equally, the probability of CAC >0 and age-sex-race percentiles of CAC distributions were estimated using nonparametric techniques.RESULTS: The prevalence of CAC >0 was 26% among White males, 16% among Black males, 10% among White females, and 7% among Black females. CAC >0 automatically placed all females at >90th percentile. CAC >0 placed White males at the 90th percentile at age 34 years compared with Black males at age 37 years. An interactive webpage allows one to enter an age, sex, race, and CAC score to obtain the corresponding estimated percentile.CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of U.S. adults aged 30-45 years without symptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the probability of CAC >0 varied by age, sex, and race. Estimated percentiles may help interpretation of CAC scores among young adults relative to their age-sex-race matched peers and can henceforth be included in CAC score reporting.
AB - BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a measure of atherosclerotic burden and is well-validated for risk stratification in middle- to older-aged adults. Few studies have investigated CAC in younger adults, and there is no calculator for determining age-, sex-, and race-based percentiles among individuals aged <45 years.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the probability of CAC >0 and develop age-sex-race percentiles for U.S. adults aged 30-45 years.METHODS: We harmonized 3 datasets-CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults), the CAC Consortium, and the Walter Reed Cohort-to study CAC in 19,725 asymptomatic Black and White individuals aged 30-45 years without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. After weighting each cohort equally, the probability of CAC >0 and age-sex-race percentiles of CAC distributions were estimated using nonparametric techniques.RESULTS: The prevalence of CAC >0 was 26% among White males, 16% among Black males, 10% among White females, and 7% among Black females. CAC >0 automatically placed all females at >90th percentile. CAC >0 placed White males at the 90th percentile at age 34 years compared with Black males at age 37 years. An interactive webpage allows one to enter an age, sex, race, and CAC score to obtain the corresponding estimated percentile.CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of U.S. adults aged 30-45 years without symptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the probability of CAC >0 varied by age, sex, and race. Estimated percentiles may help interpretation of CAC scores among young adults relative to their age-sex-race matched peers and can henceforth be included in CAC score reporting.
KW - cardiovascular diseases
KW - cardiovascular risk
KW - coronary artery calcium
KW - coronary artery disease
KW - multidetector computed tomography
KW - percentiles
KW - premature atherosclerosis
KW - primary prevention
KW - young adults
KW - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW - Calcium
KW - Risk Assessment
KW - Humans
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Male
KW - Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging
KW - Young Adult
KW - Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging
KW - Atherosclerosis
KW - Adult
KW - Female
KW - Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.051
DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.051
M3 - Article
C2 - 35550683
AN - SCOPUS:85129440346
SN - 0735-1097
VL - 79
SP - 1873
EP - 1886
JO - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
IS - 19
ER -