TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of Bacteriophage-Antibiotic Combination Therapy for Biofilm-Embedded MDR Enterococcus faecium
AU - Lev, Katherine
AU - Coyne, Ashlan J.Kunz
AU - Kebriaei, Razieh
AU - Morrisette, Taylor
AU - Stamper, Kyle
AU - Holger, Dana J.
AU - Canfield, Gregory S.
AU - Duerkop, Breck A.
AU - Arias, Cesar A.
AU - Rybak, Michael J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research received no external funding. M.J.R. is supported by NIH grants R21 AI163726. C.A.A. is supported by NIH grants K24AI121296, R01AI134637, R01AI48342, and P01AI152999.
Funding Information:
Conflicts of Interest: K.L., A.J.K.C., R.K., T.M., K.C.S., D.J.H., G.S.C., C.A.A. and M.J.R. have nothing to declare. M.J.R. has received grant support from and has consulted or spoken on behalf of Allergan, Melinta, Merck, Paratek, Shionogi, Spero, and Tetraphase. C.A.A. has received grant support from Merck and MeMed Diagnostics, and is a co-founder of Entasis Therapeutics and shareholder in Ancilia Biosciences, C.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/3/15
Y1 - 2022/3/15
N2 - Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecium is a challenging pathogen known to cause biofilm-mediated infections with limited effective therapeutic options. Lytic bacteriophages target, infect, and lyse specific bacterial cells and have anti-biofilm activity, making them a possible treatment option. Here, we examine two biofilm-producing clinical E. faecium strains, daptomycin (DAP)-resistant R497 and DAP-susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) HOU503, with initial susceptibility to E. faecium bacteriophage 113 (ATCC 19950-B1). An initial synergy screening was performed with modified checkerboard MIC assays developed by our laboratory to efficiently screen for antibiotic and phage synergy, including at very low phage multiplicity of infection (MOI). The data were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey (HSD) tests. In 24 h time kill analyses (TKA), combinations with phage-DAP-ampicillin (AMP), phage-DAP-ceftaroline (CPT), and phage-DAP-ertapenem (ERT) were synergistic and bactericidal compared to any single agent (ANOVA range of mean differences 3.34 to 3.84 log10 CFU/mL; p < 0.001). Furthermore, phage-DAP-AMP and phage-DAP-CPT prevented the emergence of DAP and phage resistance. With HOU503, the combination of phage-DAP-AMP showed the best killing effect, followed closely by phage-DAP-CPT; both showed bactericidal and synergistic effects compared to any single agent (ANOVA range of mean differences 3.99 to 4.08 log10 CFU/mL; p < 0.001).
AB - Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecium is a challenging pathogen known to cause biofilm-mediated infections with limited effective therapeutic options. Lytic bacteriophages target, infect, and lyse specific bacterial cells and have anti-biofilm activity, making them a possible treatment option. Here, we examine two biofilm-producing clinical E. faecium strains, daptomycin (DAP)-resistant R497 and DAP-susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) HOU503, with initial susceptibility to E. faecium bacteriophage 113 (ATCC 19950-B1). An initial synergy screening was performed with modified checkerboard MIC assays developed by our laboratory to efficiently screen for antibiotic and phage synergy, including at very low phage multiplicity of infection (MOI). The data were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey (HSD) tests. In 24 h time kill analyses (TKA), combinations with phage-DAP-ampicillin (AMP), phage-DAP-ceftaroline (CPT), and phage-DAP-ertapenem (ERT) were synergistic and bactericidal compared to any single agent (ANOVA range of mean differences 3.34 to 3.84 log10 CFU/mL; p < 0.001). Furthermore, phage-DAP-AMP and phage-DAP-CPT prevented the emergence of DAP and phage resistance. With HOU503, the combination of phage-DAP-AMP showed the best killing effect, followed closely by phage-DAP-CPT; both showed bactericidal and synergistic effects compared to any single agent (ANOVA range of mean differences 3.99 to 4.08 log10 CFU/mL; p < 0.001).
KW - Enterococcus faecium
KW - antimicrobial
KW - bacteriophage
KW - biofilm
KW - frequency of resistance
KW - nontraditional antibacterial
KW - phage sensitivity
KW - phage therapy
KW - resistance management
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U2 - 10.3390/antibiotics11030392
DO - 10.3390/antibiotics11030392
M3 - Article
C2 - 35326855
AN - SCOPUS:85126923659
SN - 2079-6382
VL - 11
JO - Antibiotics
JF - Antibiotics
IS - 3
M1 - 392
ER -