TY - JOUR
T1 - Global Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease
T2 - A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of 10 739 607 Individuals
AU - Chan, Kai En
AU - Koh, Tiffany Jia Ling
AU - Tang, Ansel Shao Pin
AU - Quek, Jingxuan
AU - Yong, Jie Ning
AU - Tay, Phoebe
AU - Tan, Darren Jun Hao
AU - Lim, Wen Hui
AU - Lin, Snow Yunni
AU - Huang, Daniel
AU - Chan, Mark
AU - Khoo, Chin Meng
AU - Chew, Nicholas W.S.
AU - Kaewdech, Apichat
AU - Chamroonkul, Naichaya
AU - Dan, Yock Young
AU - Noureddin, Mazen
AU - Muthiah, Mark
AU - Eslam, Mohammed
AU - Ng, Cheng Han
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/9/1
Y1 - 2022/9/1
N2 - Background and Aims: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed as a better definition of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to encompass the metabolic dysregulation associated with NAFLD. This redefinition challenges our understanding of the disease. Hence, this study sought to conduct an updated analysis of the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated factors of MAFLD, with a further sensitivity analysis done based on lean and nonobese MAFLD individuals. Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched to include articles on MAFLD. Meta-analysis of proportions was conducted using the generalized linear mix model. Associating factors were evaluated in conventional pairwise meta-analysis with sensitivity analysis on lean and nonobese MAFLD. Results: From pooled analysis involving 3 320 108 individuals, the overall prevalence of MAFLD was 38.77% (95% CI 32.94% to 44.95%); 5.37% (95% CI 4.36% to 6.59%) and 29.78% (95% CI 26.06% to 33.79%) of lean and nonobese individuals, respectively, had MAFLD. Metabolic complications such as hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 2.63, 95% CI 1.85 to 3.74, P<0.0001 and OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.74 to 2.38, P<0.0001, respectively] and diabetes (OR 3.80, 95% CI 2.65 to 5.43, P<0.0001 and OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.81 to 4.27, P<0.0001, respectively) were found as significant associating factors associated with lean and nonobese MAFLD. Conclusions: This meta-analysis supports previous studies in reporting MAFLD to affect more than a third of the global population. While exploration of the pathogenic basis of fatty liver disease without metabolic dysregulation is required, the emphasis on management of concomitant metabolic disease in MAFLD can improve multidisciplinary efforts in managing the complex disease.
AB - Background and Aims: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed as a better definition of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to encompass the metabolic dysregulation associated with NAFLD. This redefinition challenges our understanding of the disease. Hence, this study sought to conduct an updated analysis of the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated factors of MAFLD, with a further sensitivity analysis done based on lean and nonobese MAFLD individuals. Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched to include articles on MAFLD. Meta-analysis of proportions was conducted using the generalized linear mix model. Associating factors were evaluated in conventional pairwise meta-analysis with sensitivity analysis on lean and nonobese MAFLD. Results: From pooled analysis involving 3 320 108 individuals, the overall prevalence of MAFLD was 38.77% (95% CI 32.94% to 44.95%); 5.37% (95% CI 4.36% to 6.59%) and 29.78% (95% CI 26.06% to 33.79%) of lean and nonobese individuals, respectively, had MAFLD. Metabolic complications such as hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 2.63, 95% CI 1.85 to 3.74, P<0.0001 and OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.74 to 2.38, P<0.0001, respectively] and diabetes (OR 3.80, 95% CI 2.65 to 5.43, P<0.0001 and OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.81 to 4.27, P<0.0001, respectively) were found as significant associating factors associated with lean and nonobese MAFLD. Conclusions: This meta-analysis supports previous studies in reporting MAFLD to affect more than a third of the global population. While exploration of the pathogenic basis of fatty liver disease without metabolic dysregulation is required, the emphasis on management of concomitant metabolic disease in MAFLD can improve multidisciplinary efforts in managing the complex disease.
KW - associated factor
KW - epidemiology
KW - metabolic diseases
KW - nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133691623&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85133691623&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1210/clinem/dgac321
DO - 10.1210/clinem/dgac321
M3 - Article
C2 - 35587339
AN - SCOPUS:85133691623
SN - 0021-972X
VL - 107
SP - 2691
EP - 2700
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
IS - 9
ER -