@article{c26a3c06f54f4616a3ca9481fec5bd10,
title = "Hearing Loss Prevalence, Years Lived With Disability, and Hearing Aid Use in the United States From 1990 to 2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study",
abstract = "OBJECTIVES: This article describes key data sources and methods used to estimate hearing loss in the United States, in the Global Burden of Disease study. Then, trends in hearing loss are described for 2019, including temporal trends from 1990 to 2019, changing prevalence over age, severity patterns, and utilization of hearing aids.DESIGN: We utilized population-representative surveys from the United States to estimate hearing loss prevalence for the Global Burden of Disease study. A key input data source in modeled estimates are the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), years 1988 to 2010. We ran hierarchical severity-specific models to estimate hearing loss prevalence. We then scaled severity-specific models to sum to total hearing impairment prevalence, adjusted estimates for hearing aid coverage, and split estimates by etiology and tinnitus status. We computed years lived with disability (YLDs), which quantifies the amount of health loss associated with a condition depending on severity and creates a common metric to compare the burden of disparate diseases. This was done by multiplying the prevalence of severity-specific hearing loss by corresponding disability weights, with additional weighting for tinnitus comorbidity.RESULTS: An estimated 72.88 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 68.53 to 77.30) people in the United States had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for 22.2% (20.9 to 23.6) of the total population. Hearing loss was responsible for 2.24 million (1.56 to 3.11) YLDs (3.6% (2.8 to 4.7) of total US YLDs). Age-standardized prevalence was higher in males (17.7% [16.7 to 18.8]) compared with females (11.9%, [11.2 to 12.5]). While most cases of hearing loss were mild (64.3%, 95% UI 61.0 to 67.6), disability was concentrated in cases that were moderate or more severe. The all-age prevalence of hearing loss in the United States was 28.1% (25.7 to 30.8) higher in 2019 than in 1990, despite stable age-standardized prevalence. An estimated 9.7% (8.6 to 11.0) of individuals with mild to profound hearing loss utilized a hearing aid, while 32.5% (31.9 to 33.2) of individuals with hearing loss experienced tinnitus. Occupational noise exposure was responsible for 11.2% (10.2 to 12.4) of hearing loss YLDs.CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate large burden of hearing loss in the United States, with an estimated 1 in 5 people experiencing this condition. While many cases of hearing loss in the United States were mild, growing prevalence, low usage of hearing aids, and aging populations indicate the rising impact of this condition in future years and the increasing importance of domestic access to hearing healthcare services. Large-scale audiometric surveys such as NHANES are needed to regularly assess hearing loss burden and access to healthcare, improving our understanding of who is impacted by hearing loss and what groups are most amenable to intervention.",
keywords = "Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Hearing Aids, Hearing Loss/epidemiology, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Tinnitus/epidemiology, United States/epidemiology, Hearing healthcare, Epidemiology, Hearing loss, Hearing aids, Tinnitus",
author = "{GBD 2019 USA Hearing Loss Collaborators} and Haile, {Lydia M} and Orji, {Aislyn U} and Reavis, {Kelly M} and Briant, {Paul Svitil} and Lucas, {Katia M} and Fares Alahdab and B{\"a}rnighausen, {Till Winfried} and Bell, {Arielle Wilder} and Chao Cao and Xiaochen Dai and Hay, {Simon I} and Golnaz Heidari and Karaye, {Ibraheem M} and Miller, {Ted R} and Mokdad, {Ali H} and Ebrahim Mostafavi and Natto, {Zuhair S} and Shrikant Pawar and Juwel Rana and Allen Seylani and Singh, {Jasvinder A} and Jingkai Wei and Lin Yang and Ong, {Kanyin Liane} and Steinmetz, {Jaimie D}",
note = "Funding Information: L.M.H. and P.S.B. report personal fees from the World Health Organization from a contract to conduct an analysis for the World Hearing report, paid directly to them. K.M.R. reports grants or contracts from the US Department of Defense (DoD JWMRP #160036, DoD JWMPR JW210396), and US Veterans{\textquoteright} Affairs (VA RR&D RX003888-01, VA RR&D C3701R), payments made to institution to support salary, and from US National Institutes of Health (NIH-NIDCD 1R13DC020098-01), outside the submitted work. T.B. reports grants or contracts from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kr{\"o}ner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, WHO, consulting fees from kfW on the OSCAR initiative in Vietnam, participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with NIH-funded study “Healthy Options” (PIs: Smith Fawzi, Kaaya), Chair, Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB), German National Committee on the “Future of Public Health Research and Education,” Chair of the scientific advisory board to the EDCTP Evaluation, Member of the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health Study Section Member on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH), US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine{\textquoteright}s Committee for the “Evaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President{\textquoteright}s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR),” University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Population Aging Research Center (PARC) External Advisory Board Member, and leadership or fiduciary role in board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Cochair of the Global Health Hub Germany (which was initiated by the German Ministry of Health); outside the submitted work. I.M.K. reports supposed for the present manuscript from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Health Organization. A Singh reports consulting fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, Two labs, Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care Options, ClearView Healthcare Partners, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, UBM, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, and Practice Point Communications; and the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Simply Speaking; support for attending meetings or travel, or both from OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm{\textquoteright}s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies, when traveling to OMERACT meetings; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board as a member of the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, with OMERACT as a member of the steering committee, with the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee as a member, and with the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis as a director and editor; stock or stock options in TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Pharmaceuticals, Atyu Biopharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics Inc., Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte{\textquoteright}s Web Holdings, and previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna Pharmaceuticals; all outside the submitted work. Funding Information: L.M.H. and P.S.B. report personal fees from the World Health Organization from a contract to conduct an analysis for the World Hearing report, paid directly to them. K.M.R. reports grants or contracts from the US Department of Defense (DoD JWMRP #160036, DoD JWMPR JW210396), and US Veterans{\textquoteright} Affairs (VA RR&D RX003888-01, VA RR&D C3701R), payments made to institution to support salary, and from US National Institutes of Health (NIH-NIDCD 1R13DC020098-01), outside the submitted work. T.W.B. reports grants or contracts from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kr{\"o}ner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, WHO, consulting fees from kfW on the OSCAR initiative in Vietnam, participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with NIH-funded study “Healthy Options” (PIs: Smith Fawzi, Kaaya), Chair, Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB), German National Committee on the “Future of Public Health Research and Education,” Chair of the scientific advisory board to the EDCTP Evaluation, Member of the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health Study Section Member on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH), US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine{\textquoteright}s Committee for the “Evaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President{\textquoteright}s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR),” University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Population Aging Research Center (PARC) External Advisory Board Member, and leadership or fiduciary role in board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Cochair of the Global Health Hub Germany (which was initiated by the German Ministry of Health); outside the submitted work. I.M.K. reports supposed for the present manuscript from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Health Organization. A Singh reports consulting fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, Two labs, Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care Options, ClearView Healthcare Partners, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, UBM, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, and Practice Point Communications; and the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Simply Speaking; support for attending meetings or travel, or both from OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm{\textquoteright}s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies, when traveling to OMERACT meetings; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board as a member of the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, with OMERACT as a member of the steering committee, with the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee as a member, and with the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis as a director and editor; stock or stock options in TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Pharmaceuticals, Atyu Biopharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics Inc., Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte{\textquoteright}s Web Holdings, and previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna Pharmaceuticals; all outside the submitted work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.",
year = "2024",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1097/AUD.0000000000001420",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "45",
pages = "257--267",
journal = "Ear and Hearing",
issn = "0196-0202",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "1",
}