Impact of prophylactic antimalarials in pregnant women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on birth outcomes in Botswana

Omonike Arike Olaleye, Rebecca Zash, Modiegi Diseko, Gloria Mayondi, Judith Mabuta, Shahin Lockman, M. Lendsey Melton, Mompati Mmalane, Joseph Makhema, Roger L. Shapiro

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives: Until late 2015, Botswana recommended preventive treatment for pregnant women in malarial regions with chloroquine and proguanil (CP). The guideline change provided an opportunity to evaluate CP and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: The Tsepamo Study performed birth outcomes surveillance at large delivery centres throughout Botswana. We evaluated adverse birth outcomes from 2015 to 2017 at three hospitals where 93% of CP use was recorded. Outcomes included neonatal death (NND), small for gestational age (SGA), very SGA, stillbirth (SB), preterm delivery (PTD) and very PTD. Logistic regression analysis (unadjusted and adjusted) was conducted for each adverse birth outcome. Results: During the study period, 5883 (26%) of 23,033 deliveries were exposed to CP, with the majority (65%) in the most malaria-endemic region. At this site, there was a trend or an association between CP use and reduction of three adverse birth outcomes: PTD (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.96), vPTD (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68–1.01) and NND (aOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42–1.00). However, at the least malaria-endemic site, the association was in the opposite direction for SB (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.08–2.22), SGA (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06–1.44) and vSGA (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.14–1.77). The association between CP and reduced PTD was present among women without HIV (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.89) but not among women with HIV (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 0.78–1.35). Conclusions: Antimalarial prophylaxis was associated with improved birth outcomes in the most malaria-endemic region of Botswana, but not elsewhere. This finding supports current WHO guidance to use prophylaxis strategies among pregnant women in highly malaria-endemic regions. Further studies of the risks and benefits of specific antimalarial regimens in pregnancy are warranted, particularly in areas with lower incidence of malaria.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)990-998
Number of pages9
JournalTropical Medicine and International Health
Volume27
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 2022

Keywords

  • Botswana
  • HIV
  • antimalarial prophylaxis
  • birth outcomes
  • pregnancy
  • Botswana/epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Malaria/complications
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology
  • HIV Infections/complications
  • Pregnant Women
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy
  • Premature Birth/epidemiology
  • Female
  • Stillbirth/epidemiology
  • Antimalarials/therapeutic use
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Chloroquine/therapeutic use

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Impact of prophylactic antimalarials in pregnant women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on birth outcomes in Botswana'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this