@inproceedings{dee474ff2f2543f8a5cc3a006b620f7b,
title = "Iron 'ElectriRx' man: Overground stepping in an exoskeleton combined with noninvasive spinal cord stimulation after paralysis",
abstract = "We asked whether coordinated voluntary movement of the lower limbs could be regained in an individual having been completely paralyzed (>4 yr) and completely absent of vision (>15 yr) using a novel strategy - transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation at selected sites over the spinal vertebrae with just one week of training. We also asked whether this stimulation strategy could facilitate stepping assisted by an exoskeleton (EKSO, EKSO Bionics) that is designed so that the subject can voluntarily complement the work being performed by the exoskeleton. We found that spinal cord stimulation enhanced the level of effort that the subject could generate while stepping in the exoskeleton. In addition, stimulation improved the coordination patterns of the lower limb muscles resulting in a more continuous, smooth stepping motion in the exoskeleton. These stepping sessions in the presence of stimulation were accompanied by greater cardiac responses and sweating than could be attained without the stimulation. Based on the data from this case study it appears that there is considerable potential for positive synergistic effects after complete paralysis by combining the overground stepping in an exoskeleton, a novel transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation paradigm, and daily training.",
author = "Gad, {Parag N.} and Gerasimenko, {Yury P.} and Sharon Zdunowski and Dimitry Sayenko and Piia Haakana and Amanda Turner and Daniel Lu and Roy, {Roland R.} and Edgerton, {V. Reggie}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 IEEE.; 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2015 ; Conference date: 25-08-2015 Through 29-08-2015",
year = "2015",
month = nov,
day = "4",
doi = "10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318563",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "1124--1127",
booktitle = "2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2015",
address = "United States",
}