Lability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere

Naressa Cofield, M. Katherine Banks, A. Paul Schwab

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

50 Scopus citations

Abstract

Remediation of soils containing high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) seldom results in complete removal of contaminants, but residual toxicity often is reduced. In this study, soil from a former manufactured gas plant site was treated for 12 months by phytoremediation and then tested for total PAHs, Tenax-TA extractable ("labile") PAHs, aqueous soluble PAHs (PAHwp), and biotoxicity assessed by earthworms survival, nematode mortality, emergence of lettuce seedlings, and microbial respiration. Prior to phytoremediation, the soil had toxic impacts on all bioassays (except the nematodes), and 12 months of remediation decreased this response. Change in labile PAHs was a predictor for change in total PAH for 3- and 4-ring compounds but not for the 5- and 6-ring. Decreases in labile PAHs were correlated (r2 ≥ 0.80) with toxicity in the bioassays except microbial respiration. PAHwp was correlated only with nematode toxicity prior to remediation but with none of the tests after remediation. Total PAHs were not correlated with any of the bioassay tests. Tenax-TA appears to have potential for predicting residual toxicity in remediated soils and is superior to total concentrations for that application.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1644-1652
Number of pages9
JournalChemosphere
Volume70
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2008

Keywords

  • Adsorption
  • Bioaccessibility
  • Bioavailability
  • Lability
  • Phytoremediation
  • Plants
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
  • Rhizosphere
  • Soil
  • Toxicity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemistry(all)
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Pollution
  • Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
  • Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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