@article{58d40a56e99f448f968fbedec81139ed,
title = "Maternal diet alters human milk oligosaccharide composition with implications for the milk metagenome",
abstract = "Human milk is the optimal nutrition source for infants, and oligosaccharides represent the third most abundant component in milk after lactose and fat. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are favorable macromolecules which are, interestingly, indigestible by the infant but serve as substrates for bacteria. Hypothesizing that the maternal diet itself might influence HMO composition, we sought to directly determine the effect maternal diet on HMO and the milk bacteria. Employing a human cross-over study design, we demonstrate that distinct maternal dietary carbohydrate and energy sources preferentially alter milk concentrations of HMO, including fucosylated species. We find significant associations between the concentration of HMO-bound fucose and the abundance of fucosidase (a bacterial gene that digests fucose moieties) harbored by milk bacteria. These studies reveal a successive mechanism by which the maternal diet during lactation alters milk HMO composition, which in turn shapes the functional milk microbiome prior to infant ingestion.",
author = "Seferovic, {Maxim D.} and Mahmoud Mohammad and Pace, {Ryan M.} and Melinda Engevik and James Versalovic and Lars Bode and Morey Haymond and Aagaard, {Kjersti M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful for the support of the NIH-NIDDK (R24DK090964; 6R01DK089201 both to KMA), the NIH-NICHD (R01HD091731) and NIH-NIGMS (K12GM084897, RMP). This work was additionally supported by NIH grants RO1DK55478, HD 37857, MO1-RR-00188, USDA/ARS 6250-6001 (MH), and the support of the Family Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation is gratefully acknowledged (LB). All sequencing was performed by the Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research (CMMR) and the Human Genome Sequencing Center (HGSC) at Baylor College of Medicine. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the National Institutes of Health and other funding institutions. The authors are grateful to A. Hall for her expert assistance with cultivation experiments, D. Chu for his advisement in sequence processing and analysis, and A. Prince, M. Suter, C. Stewart, and D. Chu for their insightful review of the manuscript. The authors additionally thank C. Autran for her technical assistance with the HPLC and analysis of human milk oligosaccharides. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s).",
year = "2020",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/s41598-020-79022-6",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "The Author(s) SN -",
number = "1",
}