TY - CHAP
T1 - Middle ear and eustachian tube
AU - Kurono, Yuichi
AU - Lim, David J.
AU - Mogi, Goro
N1 - Funding Information:
The studies on mucosal immunity in the nasopharynx and in the middle ear were supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B) (2) 14370548 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.
PY - 2005
Y1 - 2005
N2 - This chapter reviews the data regarding the mucosal immune system equipped in the middle ear, and microbiologic as well as immunologic aspects of otitis media (OM). The chapter also discusses the efficacy of mucosal vaccines for OM. Otitis media (OM), such as acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME), is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in children and accounts for a significant medical cost. Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi), and Moraxella catarrhalis-are the most common causative bacteria for AOM as well as OME. Because these pathogens ascend into the middle ear from the nasopharynx through the eustachian tube, nasopharyngeal colonization with these bacteria is considered the prerequisite for OM. Effective vaccines for OM must possess surface epitopes of microbial antigens that are common among strains and able to elicit protective antibodies. Because NTHi lack capsular polysaccharide, antigenic determinants of NTHi are outer membrane proteins. Among the outer membrane proteins, P6 is a highly conserved peptidoglycan- associated lipoprotein present in all strains of NTHi. Experimental findings suggest that intranasal immunization is an effective vaccination regimen for the induction of antigen-specific mucosal immune responses in the upper respiratory tract.
AB - This chapter reviews the data regarding the mucosal immune system equipped in the middle ear, and microbiologic as well as immunologic aspects of otitis media (OM). The chapter also discusses the efficacy of mucosal vaccines for OM. Otitis media (OM), such as acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME), is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in children and accounts for a significant medical cost. Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi), and Moraxella catarrhalis-are the most common causative bacteria for AOM as well as OME. Because these pathogens ascend into the middle ear from the nasopharynx through the eustachian tube, nasopharyngeal colonization with these bacteria is considered the prerequisite for OM. Effective vaccines for OM must possess surface epitopes of microbial antigens that are common among strains and able to elicit protective antibodies. Because NTHi lack capsular polysaccharide, antigenic determinants of NTHi are outer membrane proteins. Among the outer membrane proteins, P6 is a highly conserved peptidoglycan- associated lipoprotein present in all strains of NTHi. Experimental findings suggest that intranasal immunization is an effective vaccination regimen for the induction of antigen-specific mucosal immune responses in the upper respiratory tract.
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U2 - 10.1016/B978-012491543-5/50092-9
DO - 10.1016/B978-012491543-5/50092-9
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:40049111750
SN - 9780124915435
SP - 1509
EP - 1516
BT - Mucosal Immunology, Two-Volume Set
PB - Elsevier
ER -