TY - JOUR
T1 - National study of childhood traumatic events and adolescent and adult criminal justice involvement risk
T2 - Evaluating the protective role of social support from mentors during adolescence
AU - Scanlon, Faith
AU - Schatz, Daniel
AU - Scheidell, Joy D.
AU - Cuddeback, Gary S.
AU - Frueh, B. Christopher
AU - Khan, Maria R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Submitted: May 8, 2018; accepted April 17, 2019. Published online: August 20, 2019. Potential conflicts of interest: No authors have any conflicts of interest to report. Funding/support: This research was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse grant “Longitudinal Study of Trauma, HIV Risk, and Criminal Justice Involvement” (Principle Investigator: Maria Khan, PhD; R01DA036414). This research uses data from Add Health, a program project directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris, PhD and designed by J. Richard Udry, PhD; Peter S. Bearman, PhD; and Kathleen Mullan Harris, PhD, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and funded by grant P01HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth). No direct support was received from grant P01HD31921 for this analysis. Dr Khan and Ms Scheidell were in part supported by the NYU Center for Drug Use and HIV Research (CDUHR, P30 DA011041-16). Ms Scheidell was also supported by the Behavioral Sciences Training in Drug Abuse Research Program (T32 DA7233). Role of the sponsor: The funding agencies had no role in the design, conduct, analysis, interpretation, or publication of this study. Acknowledgment: Special acknowledgment is due to Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Previous presentation: Some of the findings of the current study were presented at the 41st Annual National Conference of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse; November 2–4, 2017; Washington, DC.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Copyright Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Objective: With nearly 11 million jail admissions in the United States in 2015, the need to identify antecedent risk factors driving criminal justice involvement (CJI) and possible mitigating factors is crucial. This study examines the relation between childhood trauma and CJI in adolescence and adulthood and assesses how this relation is moderated by mentoring during young adulthood. Methods: The analysis included 3 waves of data - adolescents, young adults, and adults - collected from 1995 to 2008 from 12,288 adolescents who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative study of adolescents in grades 7 to 12. Logistic regression was used to examine how having a close mentor in adolescence moderated the relation between criminal justice involvement and 9 childhood traumatic events: (1) neglect, (2) emotional abuse, (3) physical abuse, (4) sexual abuse, (5) parental incarceration, (6) parental binge drinking, (7) witnessed violence, (8) threatened with violence, and (9) experienced violence. Results: Cumulative exposure to childhood trauma was associated with CJI in adolescence (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] ranging from 2.24 to 25.98) and adulthood (AOR range, 1.82-6.69), and parental incarceration was consistently one of the, if not the, most strongly associated with each form of CJI; the strength of these associations was weakened for those who reported a close mentor compared to those who did not. Conclusions: This study advances the literature regarding trauma and CJI, highlighting the role of social support and mentorship as protective factors for youth who experience childhood trauma. Interventions aimed at protecting vulnerable children from the harms of trauma should be the next priority.
AB - Objective: With nearly 11 million jail admissions in the United States in 2015, the need to identify antecedent risk factors driving criminal justice involvement (CJI) and possible mitigating factors is crucial. This study examines the relation between childhood trauma and CJI in adolescence and adulthood and assesses how this relation is moderated by mentoring during young adulthood. Methods: The analysis included 3 waves of data - adolescents, young adults, and adults - collected from 1995 to 2008 from 12,288 adolescents who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative study of adolescents in grades 7 to 12. Logistic regression was used to examine how having a close mentor in adolescence moderated the relation between criminal justice involvement and 9 childhood traumatic events: (1) neglect, (2) emotional abuse, (3) physical abuse, (4) sexual abuse, (5) parental incarceration, (6) parental binge drinking, (7) witnessed violence, (8) threatened with violence, and (9) experienced violence. Results: Cumulative exposure to childhood trauma was associated with CJI in adolescence (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] ranging from 2.24 to 25.98) and adulthood (AOR range, 1.82-6.69), and parental incarceration was consistently one of the, if not the, most strongly associated with each form of CJI; the strength of these associations was weakened for those who reported a close mentor compared to those who did not. Conclusions: This study advances the literature regarding trauma and CJI, highlighting the role of social support and mentorship as protective factors for youth who experience childhood trauma. Interventions aimed at protecting vulnerable children from the harms of trauma should be the next priority.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071564689&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85071564689&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4088/JCP.18m12347
DO - 10.4088/JCP.18m12347
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31433588
AN - SCOPUS:85071564689
SN - 0160-6689
VL - 80
JO - Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
JF - Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
IS - 5
M1 - 18m12347
ER -