TY - JOUR
T1 - Ocular Neuromyotonia
T2 - an update
AU - Raviskanthan, Subahari
AU - Mortensen, Peter W.
AU - Lee, Andrew
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Introduction: Ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) is a rare condition characterized by episodic involuntary extraocular muscle (EOM) contraction and spasm. ONM has many presumed causes of which radiation therapy and thyroid dysfunction are the most common. ONM symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe and can be debilitating. This monograph reviews the current literature describing the clinical features, evaluation, and management of ONM. Areas covered: This pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnoses, workup, and treatment options of ocular neuromyotonia are discussed in detail. Expert opinion: ONM is a rare but highly distinctive disturbance of EOM that is typically associated with parasellar radiation therapy but can occur in other conditions such as thyroid eye disease. Neuroimaging studies are generally recommended but most cases develop in the setting of stable treated disease. Medical and surgical management of ONM is difficult with variable treatment response.
AB - Introduction: Ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) is a rare condition characterized by episodic involuntary extraocular muscle (EOM) contraction and spasm. ONM has many presumed causes of which radiation therapy and thyroid dysfunction are the most common. ONM symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe and can be debilitating. This monograph reviews the current literature describing the clinical features, evaluation, and management of ONM. Areas covered: This pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnoses, workup, and treatment options of ocular neuromyotonia are discussed in detail. Expert opinion: ONM is a rare but highly distinctive disturbance of EOM that is typically associated with parasellar radiation therapy but can occur in other conditions such as thyroid eye disease. Neuroimaging studies are generally recommended but most cases develop in the setting of stable treated disease. Medical and surgical management of ONM is difficult with variable treatment response.
KW - Ocular neuromyotonia
KW - myokymia
KW - nerve hyperexcitability
KW - radiotherapy
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U2 - 10.1080/17469899.2021.1895752
DO - 10.1080/17469899.2021.1895752
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85102252700
SN - 1746-9899
VL - 16
SP - 217
EP - 223
JO - Expert Review of Ophthalmology
JF - Expert Review of Ophthalmology
IS - 3
ER -