TY - JOUR
T1 - Prodromal Markers of Parkinson's Disease in Patients With Essential Tremor
AU - Wang, Xi Xi
AU - Feng, Ya
AU - Li, Xuan
AU - Zhu, Xiao Ying
AU - Truong, Daniel
AU - Ondo, William G.
AU - Wu, Yun Cheng
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding. This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81671251 and 81971185).
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Wang, Feng, Li, Zhu, Truong, Ondo and Wu.
PY - 2020/8/25
Y1 - 2020/8/25
N2 - Background: Essential tremor (ET) is manifested as an isolated syndrome of bilateral upper limb action tremor. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with typical motor symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. ET-PD describes the new-onset of PD in ET patients. Recently, numerous studies on epidemiology, genetics, pathology, clinical features, and neuroimaging studies are challenging the idea that ET is an isolated disease, suggesting that patients with ET have the tendency to develop PD. Methods: In this review article, we collected recent findings that reveal prodromal markers of PD in patients with ET. Results: Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity serves as a prodromal marker for predicting the development of PD in patients with ET and provides a reference for therapeutic strategies. Additional potential markers include other neuroimaging, clinical features, heart rate, and genetics, whereas others lack sufficient evidence. Conclusion: In consideration of the limited research of PD in patients with ET, we are still far from revealing the prodromal markers. However, from the existing follow-up studies on ET patients, Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity may enable further exploration of the relationship between ET and PD and the search for pathogenesis-based therapies.
AB - Background: Essential tremor (ET) is manifested as an isolated syndrome of bilateral upper limb action tremor. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with typical motor symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. ET-PD describes the new-onset of PD in ET patients. Recently, numerous studies on epidemiology, genetics, pathology, clinical features, and neuroimaging studies are challenging the idea that ET is an isolated disease, suggesting that patients with ET have the tendency to develop PD. Methods: In this review article, we collected recent findings that reveal prodromal markers of PD in patients with ET. Results: Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity serves as a prodromal marker for predicting the development of PD in patients with ET and provides a reference for therapeutic strategies. Additional potential markers include other neuroimaging, clinical features, heart rate, and genetics, whereas others lack sufficient evidence. Conclusion: In consideration of the limited research of PD in patients with ET, we are still far from revealing the prodromal markers. However, from the existing follow-up studies on ET patients, Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity may enable further exploration of the relationship between ET and PD and the search for pathogenesis-based therapies.
KW - ET-PD
KW - Parkinson's disease
KW - essential tremor
KW - prodromal markers
KW - substantia nigra hyperechogenicity
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U2 - 10.3389/fneur.2020.00874
DO - 10.3389/fneur.2020.00874
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32982913
AN - SCOPUS:85091376636
SN - 1664-2295
VL - 11
SP - 874
JO - Frontiers in Neurology
JF - Frontiers in Neurology
M1 - 874
ER -