TY - JOUR
T1 - Prognostic significance of calcified plaque among symptomatic patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease
AU - Shah, Sana
AU - Bellam, Naveen
AU - Leipsic, Jonathon
AU - Berman, Daniel S.
AU - Quyyumi, Arshed
AU - Hausleiter, Jörg
AU - Achenbach, Stephan
AU - Al-Mallah, Mouaz
AU - Budoff, Matthew J.
AU - Cademartiri, Fillippo
AU - Callister, Tracy Q.
AU - Chang, Hyuk Jae
AU - Chow, Benjamin J.W.
AU - Cury, Ricardo C.
AU - Delago, Augustin J.
AU - Dunning, Allison L.
AU - Feuchtner, Gudrun M.
AU - Hadamitzky, Martin
AU - Karlsberg, Ronald P.
AU - Kaufmann, Philipp A.
AU - Lin, Fay Y.
AU - Chinnaiyan, Kavitha M.
AU - Maffei, Erica
AU - Raff, Gilbert L.
AU - Villines, Todd C.
AU - Gomez, Millie J.
AU - Min, James K.
AU - Shaw, Leslee J.
N1 - Funding Information:
aDepartment of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA b Department of Radiology, St Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada c Department of Imaging, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA d Division of Cardiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany e Department of Medicine, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany f Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia g Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA h Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Monastier di Treviso, Italy i Tennessee Heart and Vascular Institute, Hendersonville, TN j Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, Korea k Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada l Baptist Hospital of Miami and Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, FL m Capital Cardiology Associates, Albany, NY nDepartment of Public Health and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY o Department of Radiology II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria p German Heart Center, Munich, Germany q Cardiovascular Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA r Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI s Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland t Department of Medicine, Walter Reed Medical Center, Washington, DC
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - Background. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a well-established predictor of clinical outcomes for population screening. Limited evidence is available as to its predictive value in symptomatic patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the current study was to assess the prognostic value of CAC scores among symptomatic patients with nonobstructive CAD. Methods. From the COronary Computed Tomographic Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter (CONFIRM) registry, 7,200 symptomatic patients with nonobstructive CAD (<50% coronary stenosis) on coronary-computed tomographic angiography were prospectively enrolled and followed for a median of 2.1 years. Patients were categorized as without (0% stenosis) or with (>0% but <50% coronary stenosis) a luminal stenosis. CAC scores were calculated using the Agatston method. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate all-cause mortality and/or myocardial infarction (MI). Four-year death and death or MI rates were 1.9% and 3.3%. Results. Of the 4,380 patients with no luminal stenosis, 86% had CAC scores of <10 while those with a luminal stenosis had more prevalent and extensive CAC with 31.9% having a CAC score of ≥100. Among patients with no luminal stenosis, CAC was not predictive of all-cause mortality (P = .44). However, among patients with a luminal stenosis, 4-year mortality rates ranged from 0.8% to 9.8% for CAC scores of 0 to ≥400 (P < .0001). The mortality hazard was 6.0 (P = .004) and 13.3 (P < .0001) for patients with a CAC score of 100-399 and ≥400. In patients with a luminal stenosis, CAC remained independently predictive in all-cause mortality (P < .0001) and death or MI (P < .0001) in multivariable models containing CAD risk factors and presenting symptoms. Conclusions. CAC allows for the identification of those at an increased hazard for death or MI in symptomatic patients with nonobstructive disease. From the CONFIRM registry, the extent of CAC was an independent estimator of long-term prognosis among symptomatic patients with luminal stenosis and may further define risk and guide preventive strategies in patients with nonobstructive CAD.
AB - Background. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a well-established predictor of clinical outcomes for population screening. Limited evidence is available as to its predictive value in symptomatic patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the current study was to assess the prognostic value of CAC scores among symptomatic patients with nonobstructive CAD. Methods. From the COronary Computed Tomographic Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter (CONFIRM) registry, 7,200 symptomatic patients with nonobstructive CAD (<50% coronary stenosis) on coronary-computed tomographic angiography were prospectively enrolled and followed for a median of 2.1 years. Patients were categorized as without (0% stenosis) or with (>0% but <50% coronary stenosis) a luminal stenosis. CAC scores were calculated using the Agatston method. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate all-cause mortality and/or myocardial infarction (MI). Four-year death and death or MI rates were 1.9% and 3.3%. Results. Of the 4,380 patients with no luminal stenosis, 86% had CAC scores of <10 while those with a luminal stenosis had more prevalent and extensive CAC with 31.9% having a CAC score of ≥100. Among patients with no luminal stenosis, CAC was not predictive of all-cause mortality (P = .44). However, among patients with a luminal stenosis, 4-year mortality rates ranged from 0.8% to 9.8% for CAC scores of 0 to ≥400 (P < .0001). The mortality hazard was 6.0 (P = .004) and 13.3 (P < .0001) for patients with a CAC score of 100-399 and ≥400. In patients with a luminal stenosis, CAC remained independently predictive in all-cause mortality (P < .0001) and death or MI (P < .0001) in multivariable models containing CAD risk factors and presenting symptoms. Conclusions. CAC allows for the identification of those at an increased hazard for death or MI in symptomatic patients with nonobstructive disease. From the CONFIRM registry, the extent of CAC was an independent estimator of long-term prognosis among symptomatic patients with luminal stenosis and may further define risk and guide preventive strategies in patients with nonobstructive CAD.
KW - Coronary calcification
KW - nonobstructive coronary artery disease
KW - prognosis
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U2 - 10.1007/s12350-014-9865-9
DO - 10.1007/s12350-014-9865-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 24683047
AN - SCOPUS:84901651436
SN - 1071-3581
VL - 21
SP - 453
EP - 466
JO - Journal of Nuclear Cardiology
JF - Journal of Nuclear Cardiology
IS - 3
ER -