Stress Fractures in Sport: Elbow

As young athletes continue to specialize in a single sport early in their careers, the incidence of elbow injuries is on the rise. Stress fractures around the elbow are relatively rare but are most predominant in the overhead throwing athlete. Olecranon stress fractures are the most commonly encountered stress fracture around the elbow. Often MRI is necessary for diagnosis, but history and physical exam remains essential. Many of these athletes can be treated successfully with nonoperative management, with high rates of return to sport. Some athletes may require surgery for resolution of their symptoms, fracture healing, and return to competitive play. When operative intervention is required, return to sport rates remain high with low complication rates. A thorough understanding of the phases of throwing, kinetic chain, and thrower’s specific rehabilitation is paramount for the physician treating these athletes.