TY - JOUR
T1 - The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories
T2 - A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
AU - GBD Collaboration
AU - Cunha, Amanda Ramos Da
AU - Compton, Kelly
AU - Xu, Rixing
AU - Mishra, Rashmi
AU - Drangsholt, Mark Thomas
AU - Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira
AU - Kerr, Alexander R.
AU - Acheson, Alistair R.
AU - Lu, Dan
AU - Wallace, Lindsey E.
AU - Kocarnik, Jonathan M.
AU - Fu, Weijia
AU - Dean, Frances E.
AU - Pennini, Alyssa
AU - Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline
AU - Alam, Tahiya
AU - Ababneh, Emad
AU - Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
AU - Abdoun, Meriem
AU - Abidi, Hassan
AU - Abubaker Ali, Hiwa
AU - Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
AU - Adane, Tigist Demssew
AU - Addo, Isaac Yeboah
AU - Ahmad, Aqeel
AU - Ahmad, Sajjad
AU - Ahmed Rashid, Tarik
AU - Akonde, Maxwell
AU - Al Hamad, Hanadi
AU - Alahdab, Fares
AU - Alimohamadi, Yousef
AU - Alipour, Vahid
AU - Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali
AU - Alsharif, Ubai
AU - Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
AU - Anwar, Sumadi Lukman
AU - Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward
AU - Arabloo, Jalal
AU - Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.
AU - Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo
AU - Asaad, Malke
AU - Ashraf, Tahira
AU - Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
AU - Attia, Sameh
AU - Azadnajafabad, Sina
AU - Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza
AU - Badar, Muhammad
AU - Baghcheghi, Nayereh
AU - Banach, Maciej
AU - Bardhan, Mainak
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Cunha reported grants from the São Paulo Research Foundation during the conduct of the study. Ms Compton reported grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, which partially funded their employment at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at University of Washington during the conduct of the study. Ms Xu reported grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital during the conduct of the study. Prof Antunes reported support from the University of São Paulo School of Public Health during the conduct of the study and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from the Ministry of Health (Brazil’s official government agency). Dr Kerr reported grants or contracts from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; payment for expert testimony; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee, or advocacy groups; paid or unpaid support from the American Board of Oral Medicine as a director; and other support from a Subaward budget. Ms Lu reported grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, which partially funded her employment at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at University of Washington during the conduct of the study. Dr Kocarnik reported grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study. Ms Dean reported grants from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation during the conduct of the study. Dr A. Ahmad reported support from Shaqra University. Dr Anwar reported support from the NUS-UGM Seed Grant from the Tahir Foundation. Prof Benzian reported institutional support as a fellow at the Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study. Dr Dai reported grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study and grants from Bloomberg Philanthropies outside the submitted work. Prof Gill reported support from the National Institute for Health and Care Research as a senior investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health and Care Research or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. Prof V. Gupta reported grant support from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. Prof V. K. Gupta reported funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council. Dr Hussain reported support from Operational Programme Research, Development and Education. Dr Joseph reported support from the Department of Community Medicine at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Prof Kauppila reported support from the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation. Prof Khatib reported support from the Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative (GESI) and the School of Epidemiology and Public Health at Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER). Prof Landires reported support as a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT). Dr Morrison reported grants from The Plastic Surgery Foundation outside the submitted work. Prof Nuñez-Samudio reported support as a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SENACYT). Dr Piracha reported support from the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR). Prof R. Radhakrishnan reported support from Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance. Prof Riad reported support from the NPO Systemic Risk Institute (LX22NPO5101), funded by the European Union’s NextGenerationEU. Dr Roberts reported personal fees from Biocon Biologics Ltd and grants from the National Cancer Institute outside the submitted work. Prof Saeed reported support from the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR). Dr Samy reported support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Dr Šekerija reported personal fees from Roche and Johnson & Johnson outside the submitted work. Dr Shahsavari reported support from the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council. Mr Shrestha reported being a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) student from the School of Pharmacy at Monash University Malaysia and received the Graduate Research Merit Scholarship to pursue his PhD. Prof J. Singh reported consultant fees from Scipher, Crealta/Horizon, MediSys, Fidia, PK Med, Two Labs, Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care Options, ClearView Healthcare Partners, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, Mediq, Jupiter Life Science, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, Practice Point Communications, the National Institutes of Health, and the American College of Rheumatology; institutional research support from Zimmer Biomet Holdings; food and beverage payments from Intuitive Surgical/Philips Electronics North America; stock options in atai Life Sciences, Kintara Therapeutics, Intelligent Bio Solutions, Acumen Pharmaceuticals, TPT Global Tech, Vaxart, Aytu BioPharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics, Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp, and Charlotte’s Web Holdings; previous stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna; serving on the speaker’s bureau of Simply Speaking; and serving as a member of Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT), an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 8 companies. Dr Suliankatchi Abdulkader reported support from Indian Council of Medical Research National Institute of Epidemiology. Mr Tovani-Palone reported support from the Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences. Prof Unnikrishnan reported support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Prof Yu reported support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82173626). Dr Force reported grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study, as well as grants from St. Baldrick’s Foundation and the American Society of Clinical Oncology, subcontracting for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, and loan repayment from the National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Program outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding Information:
Funding/Support: Financial support for Global Burden of Disease research was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/10/1
Y1 - 2023/10/1
N2 - Importance: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence Review: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings: In 2019, 370000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338000-401000) cases and 199000 (95% UI, 181000-217000) deaths for LOC and 167000 (95% UI, 153000-180000) cases and 114000 (95% UI, 103000-126000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts..
AB - Importance: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence Review: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings: In 2019, 370000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338000-401000) cases and 199000 (95% UI, 181000-217000) deaths for LOC and 167000 (95% UI, 153000-180000) cases and 114000 (95% UI, 103000-126000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts..
KW - Adult
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Female
KW - Global Burden of Disease
KW - Quality-Adjusted Life Years
KW - Lip
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Pharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology
KW - Tobacco
KW - Global Health
KW - Incidence
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85174335406&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85174335406&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.2960
DO - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.2960
M3 - Article
C2 - 37676656
AN - SCOPUS:85174335406
SN - 2374-2437
VL - 9
SP - 1401
EP - 1416
JO - JAMA oncology
JF - JAMA oncology
IS - 10
ER -