TY - JOUR
T1 - The global syndemic of metabolic diseases in the young adult population
T2 - A consortium of trends and projections from the Global Burden of Disease 2000–2019
AU - Chong, Bryan
AU - Kong, Gwyneth
AU - Shankar, Kannan
AU - Chew, H. S.Jocelyn
AU - Lin, Chaoxing
AU - Goh, Rachel
AU - Chin, Yip Han
AU - Tan, Darren Jun Hao
AU - Chan, Kai En
AU - Lim, Wen Hui
AU - Syn, Nicholas
AU - Chan, Siew Pang
AU - Wang, Jiong Wei
AU - Khoo, Chin Meng
AU - Dimitriadis, Georgios K.
AU - Wijarnpreecha, Karn
AU - Sanyal, Arun
AU - Noureddin, Mazen
AU - Siddiqui, Mohammad Shadab
AU - Foo, Roger
AU - Mehta, Anurag
AU - Figtree, Gemma A.
AU - Hausenloy, Derek J.
AU - Chan, Mark Y.
AU - Ng, Cheng Han
AU - Muthiah, Mark
AU - Mamas, Mamas A.
AU - Chew, Nicholas W.S.
N1 - Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Background: A significant proportion of premature deaths globally are related to metabolic diseases in young adults. We examined the global trends and mortality of metabolic diseases in individuals aged below 40 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: From 2000 to 2019, global estimates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were described for metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]). Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex, geographical regions and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Age-standardised death and DALYs were presented per 100,000 population with 95 % uncertainty intervals (UI). Projections of mortality and DALYs were estimated using regression models based on the GBD 2019 data and combining them with Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projection counts for years up to 2050. Results: In 2019, the highest age-standardised death rates were observed in hypertension (133·88 [121·25–155·73]), followed by obesity (62·59 [39·92–89·13]), hyperlipidemia (56·51 [41·83–73·62]), T2DM (18·49 [17·18–19·66]) and NAFLD (2·09 [1·61–2·60]). Similarly, obesity (1932·54 [1276·61–2639·74]) had the highest age-standardised DALYs, followed by hypertension (2885·57 [2580·75–3201·05]), hyperlipidemia (1207·15 [975·07–1461·11]), T2DM (801·55 [670·58–954·43]) and NAFLD (53·33 [40·73–68·29]). Mortality rates decreased over time in hyperlipidemia (−0·6 %), hypertension (−0·47 %), NAFLD (−0·31 %) and T2DM (−0·20 %), but not in obesity (1·07 % increase). The highest metabolic-related mortality was observed in Eastern Mediterranean and low SDI countries. By 2050, obesity is projected to contribute to the largest number of deaths (102·8 % increase from 2019), followed by hypertension (61·4 % increase), hyperlipidemia (60·8 % increase), T2DM (158·6 % increase) and NAFLD (158·4 % increase), with males continuing to bear the greatest burden across all metabolic diseases. Conclusion: The growing burden of metabolic diseases, increasing obesity-related mortality trends, and the sex-regional-socioeconomic disparities evident in young adulthood, underlie the concerning growing global burden of metabolic diseases now and in future.
AB - Background: A significant proportion of premature deaths globally are related to metabolic diseases in young adults. We examined the global trends and mortality of metabolic diseases in individuals aged below 40 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: From 2000 to 2019, global estimates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were described for metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]). Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex, geographical regions and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Age-standardised death and DALYs were presented per 100,000 population with 95 % uncertainty intervals (UI). Projections of mortality and DALYs were estimated using regression models based on the GBD 2019 data and combining them with Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projection counts for years up to 2050. Results: In 2019, the highest age-standardised death rates were observed in hypertension (133·88 [121·25–155·73]), followed by obesity (62·59 [39·92–89·13]), hyperlipidemia (56·51 [41·83–73·62]), T2DM (18·49 [17·18–19·66]) and NAFLD (2·09 [1·61–2·60]). Similarly, obesity (1932·54 [1276·61–2639·74]) had the highest age-standardised DALYs, followed by hypertension (2885·57 [2580·75–3201·05]), hyperlipidemia (1207·15 [975·07–1461·11]), T2DM (801·55 [670·58–954·43]) and NAFLD (53·33 [40·73–68·29]). Mortality rates decreased over time in hyperlipidemia (−0·6 %), hypertension (−0·47 %), NAFLD (−0·31 %) and T2DM (−0·20 %), but not in obesity (1·07 % increase). The highest metabolic-related mortality was observed in Eastern Mediterranean and low SDI countries. By 2050, obesity is projected to contribute to the largest number of deaths (102·8 % increase from 2019), followed by hypertension (61·4 % increase), hyperlipidemia (60·8 % increase), T2DM (158·6 % increase) and NAFLD (158·4 % increase), with males continuing to bear the greatest burden across all metabolic diseases. Conclusion: The growing burden of metabolic diseases, increasing obesity-related mortality trends, and the sex-regional-socioeconomic disparities evident in young adulthood, underlie the concerning growing global burden of metabolic diseases now and in future.
KW - Diabetes mellitus
KW - Global burden
KW - Hypertension
KW - Metabolic disease
KW - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
KW - Quality-Adjusted Life Years
KW - Obesity
KW - Humans
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Syndemic
KW - Metabolic Diseases
KW - Male
KW - Young Adult
KW - Global Burden of Disease
KW - Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
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U2 - 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155402
DO - 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155402
M3 - Article
C2 - 36717058
AN - SCOPUS:85147205701
SN - 0026-0495
VL - 141
SP - 155402
JO - Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
JF - Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
M1 - 155402
ER -