Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity

Tianhao Duan, Yang Du, Changsheng Xing, Helen Y. Wang, Rong Fu Wang

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

192 Scopus citations

Abstract

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host’s defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number812774
Pages (from-to)812774
JournalFrontiers in immunology
Volume13
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 3 2022

Keywords

  • T cells
  • autoimmune diseases
  • cancer
  • cell-mediated immunity
  • infectious diseases
  • signaling pathway
  • toll-like receptors
  • Adaptive Immunity
  • Toll-Like Receptors
  • Signal Transduction
  • Immunity, Innate/physiology
  • Immunity, Cellular

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology

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