@article{1522a231d5f548eb86907982246391c2,
title = "Transmission history of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and white-tailed deer",
abstract = "The emergence of a novel pathogen in a susceptible population can cause rapid spread of infection. High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been reported in multiple locations, likely resulting from several human-to-deer spillover events followed by deer-to-deer transmission. Knowledge of the risk and direction of SARS-CoV-2 transmission between humans and potential reservoir hosts is essential for effective disease control and prioritisation of interventions. Using genomic data, we reconstruct the transmission history of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and deer, estimate the case finding rate and attempt to infer relative rates of transmission between species. We found no evidence of direct or indirect transmission from deer to human. However, with an estimated case finding rate of only 4.2%, spillback to humans cannot be ruled out. The extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within deer populations and the large number of unsampled cases highlights the need for active surveillance at the human–animal interface.",
keywords = "Animals, COVID-19/epidemiology, Deer/virology, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Risk Assessment, SARS-CoV-2/genetics, Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology",
author = "Katriina Willgert and Xavier Didelot and Meera Surendran-Nair and Kuchipudi, {Suresh V.} and Ruden, {Rachel M.} and Michele Yon and Nissly, {Ruth H.} and Vandegrift, {Kurt J.} and Nelli, {Rahul K.} and Lingling Li and Jayarao, {Bhushan M.} and Nicole Levine and Olsen, {Randall J.} and Davis, {James J.} and Musser, {James M.} and Hudson, {Peter J.} and Vivek Kapur and Conlan, {Andrew J.K.}",
note = "Funding Information: The research was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/M011194/1 (KW), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (XD), USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Award 2020-67015-32175 (SVK, KJV, MSN), NSF Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases program grant 1619072 (KJV), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health grants 1R21AI156406-01 and 1R01AI134911 (KJV), the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Contract No. 75N93019C00076 (J.J.D.). We thank Matthew Ojeda Saavedra, Sindy Pena, Kristina Reppond, Madison N. Shyer, Jessica Cambric, Ryan Gadd, Rashi M. Thakur, Akanksha Batajoo, and Regan Mangham for genome sequencing. Thank you to Andries van Tonder for valuable inputs and helpful discussions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = jul,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-022-16071-z",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
pages = "12094",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "The Author(s) SN -",
number = "1",
}