@article{91f76fb94d6c46e2bc9d131258a0e5ce,
title = "Unravelling complex transposable elements surrounding blaGES-16 in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoU strain",
abstract = "Objectives: We characterised the complex surrounding regions of blaGES-16 in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoU+ strain (P-10.226) in Brazil. Methods: Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined by broth microdilution based on European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints. The whole genome sequencing (WGS) of P-10.226 strain was performed using both short-read paired-end sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform as well as the long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION. Results: WGS analysis showed that P-10.226 carried blaGES-16, which was found as a gene cassette inserted into a novel class I integron, In1992 (aadB-blaOXA-56-blaGES-16-aadB-aadA6c), whose 3′-CS was truncated by a nested transposable element, IS5564::ISPa157. The structure was even more complex since IS6100-ΔIS6100 structure and a TnAs2-like harbouring the operon merRTPADE was found downstream In1992. Fragments of TnAs3 harbouring 25-bp imperfect inverted repeats were identified bordering the intl1 of In1992 and also flanking IS6100-ΔIS6100, which might be genetic marks of its previous presence in the genome. Interestingly, In1992 also shows a distinct cassette array from In581 (blaGES-16-dfrA22-aacA27-aadA1), which was previously reported in Serratia marcescens strains recovered in Brazil. Finally, exoU gene, which encodes a potent cytotoxin of type III secretion systems (T3SS) effector proteins from P. aeruginosa and is associated to severe infections, was also detected. Conclusion: We described the novel In1992 carrying blaGES-16 surrounded by complex transposition events in a XDR P. aeruginosa strain. The identification of many sets of direct repeats adjacent to TnAs3 fragments indicates a major past of transposition events that shaped the current genetic environment of In1992.",
keywords = "Carbapenemase, Integron, Nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli, Transposon, Virulence, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Humans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics, Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy, beta-Lactamases/genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, DNA Transposable Elements",
author = "Streling, {Ana Paula} and Rodrigo Cay{\^o} and Catan, {Thais A.} and Thomas Jov{\'e} and Santos, {Fernanda F.} and Nodari, {Carolina S.} and Blake Hanson and Miller, {William R.} and William Shropshire and Dinh, {An Q.} and Julival Ribeiro and Pignatari, {Antonio C.C.} and Arias, {Cesar A.} and Gales, {Ana C.}",
note = "Funding Information: A.C.G. has recently received research funding and/or consultation fees from Crist{\'a}lia, InfectoPharm, Enthasis, Eurofarma, MSD, Pfizer, United Medical, and Zambon. C.A.A. has received grants from Merck, MeMed Diagnostics, and Entasis Pharmaceuticals. C.A.A. has also received chapters royalties from UptoDate, Harrison Principles of Internal Medicine, Mandell Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases; study section member/Grant reviewer fees from NIH/NIAID; travel fees from Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and American Society for Microbiology (ASM); and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy editor's stipend from the American Society for Microbiology, outside the submitted work. W.R.M. has received grants and/or honoraria from NIH/NIAID, Merck, Entasis, Achaogen, IDSA, and Shionogi. The other authors have nothing to declare. This study was not financially supported by any diagnostic/pharmaceutical company. This work was presented in part as ePoster (02533) at the 31th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Vienna, Austria, 2021. Funding Information: We are grateful to the Coordena{\c c}{\~a}o de Aperfei{\c c}oamento de Pessoal de N{\'i}vel Superior (CAPES) for providing grants to A.P.S. T.A.C. F.F.S. and C.S.N. We also would like to thank to the National Council for Science and Technological Development (CNPq) for providing a grant to A.C.G. (process number: 312066/2019-8). A.C.G. has recently received research funding and/or consultation fees from Crist{\'a}lia, InfectoPharm, Enthasis, Eurofarma, MSD, Pfizer, United Medical, and Zambon. C.A.A. has received grants from Merck, MeMed Diagnostics, and Entasis Pharmaceuticals. C.A.A. has also received chapters royalties from UptoDate, Harrison Principles of Internal Medicine, Mandell Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases; study section member/Grant reviewer fees from NIH/NIAID; travel fees from Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and American Society for Microbiology (ASM); and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy editor's stipend from the American Society for Microbiology, outside the submitted work. W.R.M. has received grants and/or honoraria from NIH/NIAID, Merck, Entasis, Achaogen, IDSA, and Shionogi. The other authors have nothing to declare. This study was not financially supported by any diagnostic/pharmaceutical company. This work was presented in part as ePoster (02533) at the 31th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Vienna, Austria, 2021. Not required. We would like to thank the technical support of all students from Laborat{\'o}rio ALERTA and Laborat{\'o}rio Especial de Microbiologia Cl{\'i}nica (LEMC), Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP). Funding Information: We are grateful to the Coordena{\c c}{\~a}o de Aperfei{\c c}oamento de Pessoal de N{\'i}vel Superior (CAPES) for providing grants to A.P.S., T.A.C., F.F.S., and C.S.N. We also would like to thank to the National Council for Science and Technological Development (CNPq) for providing a grant to A.C.G. (process number: 312066/2019-8). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.jgar.2022.04.009",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "30",
pages = "143--147",
journal = "Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance",
issn = "2213-7165",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}