Nontransfemoral access alternatives for transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has been available to treat aortic valve disease for just over a decade and in that time, its use has expanded rapidly around the world. All transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedures depend on having safe remote access to the aortic valve. If femoral access is not feasible or safe, nonfemoral access routes are imperative. This article will discuss the commonly used nonfemoral access routes and how they are achieved.